TIPU SULTAN
Tipu Sultan (20 November 1750 – 4 May 1799), also known as the Tiger of
Mysore, was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore and a scholar, soldier and poet. Tipu was
the eldest son of Sultan Hyder Ali of Mysore and his wife Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa.
Tipu introduced a number of administrative innovations, including the
introduction of a new coinage, new Mauludi lunisolar
calendar and new land revenue system, and initiated the growth of Mysore silk industry. Tipu expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets which he deployed in his resistance against
military advances of the British.
During Tipu's childhood, his father rose to
take power in Mysore, and upon his father's death in 1782, Tipu succeeded to a
large kingdom bordered by the Krishna River in the north, the Eastern Ghats in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west. Tipu was a devout Muslim although
the majority of his subjects were Hindus, and few
were also Christian. At the request of the French, Tipu built a church, the first in Mysore. Tipu was fluent in Kannada, Hindustani, Persian, Arabic, English and French.[6] In alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,
and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, both Tipu and his
father used their French trained army against the Marathas, Sira and rulers of Malabar, Coorg, Bednore, Carnatic and Travancore. He won important victories against the
British in the Second
Anglo-Mysore War, and
negotiated the 1784 Treaty of
Mangalore with them after his father Hyder
Ali died from cancer in December 1782 during the second Mysore war.
Tipu engaged in expansionist attacks against
his neighbours. His treatment of his conquered non-Muslim subjects and British
prisoners of war is controversial. He remained an implacable enemy of the British East India
Company, bringing them into renewed
conflict with an attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the
Third
Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu was
forced into a humiliating treaty, losing a number of previously conquered
territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. He sent embassies to foreign states, including the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan and France, in an attempt to rally opposition to the
British. In the Fourth
Anglo-Mysore War, the
combined forces of the British East India Company and the Nizam of
Hyderabad defeated Tipu and he was killed
on 4 May 1799, while defending
his fort of Srirangapatna.
1 comment:
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