2014 Theme: “Mountain Farming”

Covering around 27 percent of the earth’s land surface, mountains play a critical role in moving the world towards sustainable economic growth. They not only provide sustenance and wellbeing to 720 million mountain people around the world, but indirectly benefit billions more living downstream.

In particular, mountains provide freshwater, energy and food – resources that will be increasingly scarce in coming decades. However, mountains also have a high incidence of poverty and are extremely vulnerable to climate change, deforestation, land degradation and natural disasters.

The challenge is to identify new and sustainable opportunities that can bring benefits to both highland and lowland communities and help to eradicate poverty without contributing to the degradation of fragile mountain ecosystems.

Mountain Farming

This year, the celebration of this Day aims to highlight Mountain Farming. Here we have an opportunity to raise awareness about how mountain agriculture, which is predominantly family farming, has been a model for sustainable development for centuries.

Family farming in mountain regions is undergoing rapid transformation due to population growth, economic globalization, urbanization and the migration of men and youth to urban areas.
At the same time, these changes can provide opportunities for local development. People who reside in mountain areas can diversify their income by engaging activities such as tourism, high value mountain products and handicrafts. An enabling policy environment that includes tailored investments could improve farmers’ access to resources and increase their capacity to generate income.  

Commitment and will to advance this cause were strengthened during the International Year of Mountains in 2002, and mountains have gained an increasingly high profile on agendas at all levels.

The Year also led to the adoption of resolution 57/245, in which the General Assembly designated 11 December as International Mountain Day, and encouraged the international community to organize events at all levels on that day to highlight the importance of sustainable mountain development.

Scientist of the day

Charles Best

Charles Herbert Best was an American-Canadian scientist who is remembered as the co-discoverer of insulin, one of the most important milestones in the treatment of diabetes. Although he was part of the research team, he did not receive the Nobel Prize along with his co-researchers because he had not completed his graduation then. Frederick Banting, also credited with the discovery of insulin and Nobel Laureate, was deeply impressed by Best’s efforts in discovering insulin and, to honor these efforts, he shared his Nobel Prize with Best and also praised his efforts in the research. Best was multi-talented with good research skills and amazing athletic skills. He was a professional basketball player and used his remuneration from sports to pay his academic fees. Best had worked as a professor in the University of Toronto and was awarded with eighteen honorary degrees from universities around the world. Learn about the life and achievements of this great academician from this biography.

Childhood And Early Life

Best was born on 27^th February 1899 in West Pembroke, Canada. His father, Herbert Huestes Best, was a doctor an Luella Fisher was his mother. Best got admission for the Bachelor of Arts degree course in University of Toronto in 1916 but he interrupted his studies to join the Canadian army. He participated in World War I as part of the 2^nd Canadian Tank Battalion of Canadian Army and resumed his studies after the war, rejoining the University of Toronto. In 1921, Best, at the age of 22, graduated in physiology and biochemistry. In the same year, he got an opportunity to work with Frederick Banting in his research to obtain a pancreatic extract of insulin so that it can be used for controlling diabetes mellitus. Though he was part of the research, he did not receive the Nobel Prize in 1923 for Physiology or Medicine along with Banting and J. J. R. Macleod because he had not completed his medical degree then. However, Banting voluntarily shared his portion of the prize with Best as an honor to his contribution to the research. Best had some personal interest in finding an effective treatment for diabetes for his aunt had died from diabetes in 1918. Best also discovered the vitamin ‘choline’ and the enzyme ‘histaminase’ and was one of the first to introduce anticoagulants to treat thrombosis. Best’s talents were not confined just to academics; he was a good athlete too. He was a professional basketball player and paid his fee with his earnings from basketball matches. However, his real calling being science, Best did not choose to become an athlete and opted for the research offer of Frederick Banting, turning down an offer to play in a high ranking team.

 

Co-discovery Of Insulin

Spring of 1921 became a turning point in Best’s life. It was during this time that Dr. Banting travelled to Toronto to visit J.J.R. Macleod who was working as the professor of physiology at the University of Toronto. Banting asked Macleod for permission to use his laboratory for his research work. Though skeptical initially, Macleod eventually agreed to allow Dr. Banting to use his laboratory and also allotted two medical students, Charles Best and Clark Noble, to assist in the research. However, Banting needed only one assistant and so, he flipped a coin to decide whom to pick. The coin favoured Best and he became Banting’s assistant for research. Banting was deeply impressed by Best’s efforts in the research and gave him majority of the credit for the discovery. Banting also shared half of His Nobel Prize remuneration with Best.

 

Career Post Discovery

After the successful participation in the discovery of insulin, Best joined as a professor of Physiology in the University of Toronto in 1929, succeeding Macleod. He played an instrumental role in establishing a Canadian program for securing and using dried human blood serum. He then became an adviser to the United Nations World Health Organization’s ‘Medical Research Committee’.

 

Personal Life

Best married Margaret Hooper Mahon in 1924 in Toronto and the couple had two sons.  One among their sons was Dr. Henry Best, a well-regarded historian who went on to become president of Laurentian University in Sudbury. Charles Best died in Toronto on March 31, 1978.

 

Awards And Honors

• Best was elected as a member of foreign American Academy of Arts and Sciences as an honorary member in 1948.
• He was recognized for his contribution to medicine and made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1967.
• Best was placed as the commander of the Civil Division of the Order of the British Empire and was also awarded a membership of Order of the Companions of Honor in 1971.
• Best was also bestowed with the fellowship of the Royal Society of London and the Royal Society of Canada.
• He was elected into the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and became the first Canadian to receive this honor.
• He was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame in 1994, posthumously.
• He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2004, posthumously.
• Educational institutions like Dr. Charles Best Secondary School in Coquitlam, C.H. Best East Middle School in Toronto, Ontario and British Columbia, C.H. Best West Elementary School in Burlington, Ontario are named in his honor.