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| Gerty Theresa Cori |
The name of Gerty Theresa Cori is acknowledged among the greatest women
achievers of the 20th century. This American biologist is known for her
discoveries in biochemistry, especially carbohydrate metabolism. Her
contributions in the field of biology led her to be the first American
woman to achieve the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which she
shared with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori and Argentine physiologist
Bernardo Houssay.
Gerty Theresa Cori was born on August 15, 1896 in Prague, then part
of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Until the age of ten she was educated at
her home after which she was enrolled in a Lyceum for girls. As a child
Gerty became interested in science and mathematics and entered the
Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then
joined the Medical School of the German University of Prague. Here she
met Carl Ferdinand Cori, a fellow student who shared her hobbies of
skiing, gardening and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory
research. Both of them worked together and during 1920 published the
results of their first research collaboration, completed their
graduation, and got married.
Gerty Cori’s first research position was as an assistant in the
Karolinen Children’s Hospital in Vienna. In 1922 Carl Cori immigrated to
the United, having accepted a job at the State Institute for the Study
of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori stayed behind for
a few months, meanwhile working as an assistant pathologist at the
Institute and later rising to assistant biochemist. After six months,
Gerty got a job at the same institute as Carl, and she joined him in
Buffalo. In 1928 they became U.S. citizens.
In 1931 Carl Cori took the position of chairman of the Department of
Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine. Gerty was
employed too, as a research associate, regardless of her equivalent
degrees and comparable research experience. In 1943 she was appointed as
an associate professor of Research Biological Chemistry and
Pharmacology and two months after she received her Nobel Prize in 1947,
she got promoted to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry.
During the 1930s and 1940s both husband and wife began studying
carbohydrate metabolism and continued the research in their laboratory
at Washington University. Their laboratory gained an international
standing as an important center of biochemical advancements. In 1947 the
Cori’s won the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for their pivotal
studies in elucidating the nature of sugar metabolism.
In 1947 Gerty Cori showed the symptoms of myelofibrosis, a disease
she fought for 10 years, refusing to give up her research until the last
few months of her life. She died on October 26, 1957.
Besides the Nobel Prize she was also honored with the Garvan Medal
for women chemists of the American Chemical Society as well as
membership in the National Academy of Sciences. The crater Cori on the
Moon is named after her. She also shares a star with her husband on the
St. Louis Walk of Fame.
